“PLS” stands for Pure Live Seed—the portion of a seed lot guaranteed to be viable. It is calculated by using the following % Purity x % Germination. The PLS is determined by a government-certified testing lab and represents only the viable seeds, excluding any empty seeds, dead seeds, leaves, stems, dirt, weed seeds, or other contaminants.

An ecotype is a distinct form or race of a plant or animal species that occupies a particular habitat.

Ecotype seed refers to seed collected from parent stock that has evolved and adapted over time to your specific region. It is suited to your local soils, geology, temperature, rainfall, elevation, insects, diseases, pests, and other environmental factors unique to your area.

“Native” plants are typically defined by a time period. In the United States, this generally means plants that existed here before the late 1700s—after Native American settlement but before European settlement. During this time, there was some human influence on the environment, but little to no introduction of plant species from other continents.

Germination is the process in which a seed begins to grow into a plant. It’s sometimes referred to as sprouting—when the seed starts to develop roots and leaves, and you begin to see green emerging in your planting.

With native species, it can take 60 to 120 days for seeds to germinate—so patience is key. As the old saying goes: “Natives sleep the first year, creep the second year, and leap the third year.” In contrast, non-native species typically begin to emerge within 14 to 21 days.

Store your seed in a cool, dry place away from rodents. Avoid using metal trash cans or storing seed in hot pole barns, as heat can quickly destroy seed viability.

It varies by species, but as a general rule of thumb, you can expect a 3–5% loss in germination each year. The more moisture and heat the seed is exposed to, the faster that rate will drop. Just remember—seed won’t grow if it’s not planted, so be sure to adjust your planting rates based on the estimated viability of your stored seed.